Liver imaging lexicon

The imaging phase from time of contrast injection to time of peak enhancement with contrast

Describes imaging characteristics in the hepatic arteries early (~25 seconds) after Primovist^® injection, and before portal-venous imaging

Imaging criteria used for treatment planning

In MRI, a gadolinium-containing agent such as Primovist^® that provides contrast enhancement—assisting in the characterization of lesion pathology

Imaging sequence commonly included as a complement to contrast enhancement in MRI protocols for lesion detection and characterization

In contrast-enhanced MRI, dynamic-phase imaging describes the passage of contrast through the arterial and portal-venous systems, before uptake by hepatocytes

A single 2-5-cm lesion or 2-3 lesions, each smaller than 3 cm

Gadolinium-containing MRI agents used for dynamic phase imaging. Distinct from Primovist^®, a hepatocyte-specific contrast medium

Active element in paramagnetic contrast media that decreases T1 relaxation times of tissues, making enhanced areas brighter

In Primovist^®-enhanced MRI, HBP imaging occurs 10-20 minutes after injection, following uptake of contrast by hepatocytes

A gadolinium-based contrast agent used exclusively for liver MRI, e.g. Primovist^®

Bright appearance of lesion on MRI versus surrounding tissue

Dark appearance of lesion on MRI versus surrounding tissue

Standardized system for categorizing liver findings at MRI and CT in HCC, developed by the American College of Radiology

mRECIST criteria recommended for assessment of HCC response to locoregional and systemic therapies. Unlike RECIST 1.1, mRECIST evaluates only those areas of tumor showing arterial enhancement

Describes imaging characteristics in the hepatic portal-venous system ~60 seconds after Primovist^® injection. Follows arterial phase and precedes hepatobiliary phase imaging

A hepatocyte-specific contrast medium, used exclusively for liver MRI, providing both dynamic phase and hepatobiliary phase imaging

Revised version of RECIST criteria recommended for assessment of HCC response to systemic therapies

A measure of diagnostic performance: the proportion of patients with a disease that are correctly detected

A measure of diagnostic performance: the proportion of patients without a disease that are correctly shown to be free of disease

Follows portal-venous phase imaging and precedes hepatobiliary phase imaging, occurring ~2 minutes after Primovist^® injection

A single nodule smaller than 2 cm